



{"id":4918,"date":"2017-06-27T12:34:20","date_gmt":"2017-06-27T10:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.largeur.com\/?p=4918"},"modified":"2017-07-12T17:50:37","modified_gmt":"2017-07-12T15:50:37","slug":"innovation-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/largeur.com\/?p=4918","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019intelligence artificielle exploite la richesse du son"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/062017\/Large_28_06_2017.png\" alt=\"Large_28_06_2017.png\" title=\"Large_28_06_2017.png\" width=\"468\" height=\"311\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Le principe du machine learning s\u2019applique d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 la sph\u00e8re de l\u2019acoustique. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019alimenter un algorithme avec une grande quantit\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es, \u00e0 partir desquelles il sera capable de reconna\u00eetre un objet ou un syst\u00e8me. Sur cette base, il va pouvoir apprendre et faire des pr\u00e9visions de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante. \u00abCe principe est maintenant appliqu\u00e9 au domaine du son. Les g\u00e9ants informatiques comme Google ou Microsoft affichent un int\u00e9r\u00eat tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9 pour ce domaine depuis quelques ann\u00e9es\u00bb, explique Sebastian Tschiatschek, chercheur \u00e0 l\u2019Institute for Machine Learning \u00e0 l\u2019ETH de Zurich. Trois innovations s\u2019av\u00e8rent particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressantes:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e9dire la personnalit\u00e9<\/strong><br \/>\nIl suffit d\u2019enregistrer une personne qui parle pendant quinze minutes pour d\u00e9terminer si elle est optimiste ou qu\u2019elle a confiance en elle. L\u2019algorithme d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 allemande <a href=\"https:\/\/www.precire.com\/en\/home-2\/\" target=\"_blank\">Precire<\/a> se base sur plus de 5&rsquo;000 \u00e9chantillons de voix pour r\u00e9aliser une pr\u00e9diction sur le caract\u00e8re d\u2019une personne. Pour l\u2019instant, une vingtaine d\u2019entreprises utilisent Precire pour filtrer les bonnes candidatures lors de leur processus de recrutement. Par cons\u00e9quent, le nombre d\u2019\u00e9chantillons de voix enregistr\u00e9s augmente de fa\u00e7on constante, affirme le CEO Dirk Gratzel. Selon lui, son invention n\u2019en est qu\u2019\u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts: elle pourrait \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e dans la publicit\u00e9 lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit de s\u2019adresser au public cible dans un certain ton donn\u00e9. Mais est-ce vraiment fiable? Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente et plusieurs experts semblent le confirmer. L\u2019outil de Precire est m\u00eame capable de filtrer le changement du timbre de la voix li\u00e9 au stress.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Une meilleure orientation pour les robots<\/strong><br \/>\nUne innovation r\u00e9cente du MIT pourra aider les robots \u00e0 mieux s\u2019orienter dans leur environnement. Les chercheurs ont aliment\u00e9 un algorithme avec 1&rsquo;000\u2009vid\u00e9os contenant 46&rsquo;000 sons, pour la plupart des objets sur lesquels on a frapp\u00e9 avec un b\u00e2ton. En lui pr\u00e9sentant une vid\u00e9o sans son, l\u2019algorithme \u00e9tait ensuite capable de trouver le son qui va avec. \u00abPr\u00e9dire les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s acoustiques d\u2019un objet peut permettre \u00e0 un robot de mieux comprendre les caract\u00e9ristiques des choses qui l\u2019entourent. Il pourra mieux adapter ses interactions avec son environnement\u00bb, estime Sebastian Tschiatschek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Imiter la voix d\u2019une autre personne<\/strong><br \/>\nLe GPS qui vous dirige, le smartphone qui vous lit vos messages et le frigo intelligent qui vous met au courant de l\u2019\u00e9tat de vos aliments &#8212; le tout au son de votre voix de pr\u00e9dilection. Cela sera sans doute bient\u00f4t possible gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/candyvoice.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">CandyVoice<\/a>, une start-up fran\u00e7aise qui d\u00e9veloppe un tel algorithme en partenariat avec Microsoft. A condition d\u2019avoir assez d\u2019\u00e9chantillons vocaux, il sera possible d\u2019emprunter la voix de n\u2019importe qui. <\/p>\n<p>Pour Matthias Althoff, expert en informatique \u00e0 la Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, cette innovation a beaucoup de potentiel: \u00abLa technologie derri\u00e8re n\u2019est pas tr\u00e8s compliqu\u00e9e. Et surtout, il y a une vraie demande: le facteur fun est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9.\u00bb Sebastian Tschiatschek \u00e9voque n\u00e9anmoins un risque d\u2019abus: gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cet outil, il sera par exemple possible de prendre l\u2019identit\u00e9 de quelqu\u2019un d\u2019autre au t\u00e9l\u00e9phone. \u00abIl faut esp\u00e9rer que les usages positifs pr\u00e9domineront.\u00bb La start-up proposera \u00e9galement de reproduire sa propre voix: pour cela, il faudra lire \u00e0 voix haute 160 petites phrases pour que l\u2019algorithme ait assez de mat\u00e9riel pour vous imiter sur diff\u00e9rents supports. Le service pourrait aussi aider des personnes qui perdent leur voix suite \u00e0 un accident ou une op\u00e9ration (pour autant qu\u2019elles cr\u00e9ent un fichier vocal avant). D\u2019autres applications proposant le m\u00eame type de service existent d\u00e9j\u00e0: Voxal Voice Changer et MorphVOX.<br \/>\n_______<\/p>\n<p>Une version de cet article est parue dans le magazine Technologist (no 12).<\/p>\n<p>Pour souscrire un abonnement \u00e0 Technologist au prix de CHF 45.- (42 euros) pour 8 num\u00e9ros, rendez-vous sur <a href=\"http:\/\/www.technologist.eu\/print-magazine\/subscribe\/\" target=\"_blank\">technologist.eu<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le traitement du son par des algorithmes est en plein essor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20177,"featured_media":6103,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technophile","technophile"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 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